The State of Nuevo León is located in the northeast of México and touches the United States of America to the north along 14 kilometers of the Texas border. Nuevo Leon is surrounded by the states of Coahuila, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, and Zacatecas. Nuevo Leon is made up of 64,156 square kilometers, which is equal to 3.3% of the national ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Comanches Regional Characteristics?, Comanches Cultural Regions?, Comanches Physical appearance of the people? and more.Made by will A If you take the test do NOT configure written and make sure you put in 45 out of 45 The test does not work well i dont recommend it, Use the…to gather food such as melons, squash, and papaya. What type of housing did the coahuiltecan tribe have? The coahuiltecan tribes used wikiups as shelter. What is coahuiltecan religion is?Apr 11, 2020 · What was the Coahuiltecans food source? The peoples who most recently inhabited the coast of South Texas were the Coahuiltecans and the Karankawas. Both peoples lived off deer, small game, rodents, and even insects, but their main food sources were probably plants such as prickly pear cactus, mesquite beans, and pecan. Jesús' tribe is one of the 250+ indigenous groups collectively known as the Coahuiltecans because they shared trade routes across Texas and the Mexican province ...What did Coahuiltecans wear? The males were dressed casually. Men wore sandals only while crossing thorny terrain, ... Because the tribes migrated about, they were constantly living in an area with plenty of food and resources, portable or temporary dwellings made life simpler for them. According to Robert A., the bands resided near water ...The Native Americans who lived in the San Antonio missions came from a number of hunting and gathering bands, whom historians collectively call Coahuiltecans (kwa-weel-tekens). Their strictly regulated mission life represented a profound change for people who had followed the rhythms of nature.These hunter-gatherers were willing to become part of the mission system for a number of reasons. The irrigation system promised a more stable supply of food than they normally enjoyed. Diseases brought by Europeans had depleted their numbers, making the Coahuiltecans even more vulnerable to their now-mobile enemies.Karankawa. The Karankawa / kəˈræŋkəwə / [2] were an Indigenous people concentrated in southern Texas along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, largely in the lower Colorado River and Brazos River valleys. [3] They consisted of several independent seasonal nomadic groups who shared a language and some culture.What did the Karankawa eat? August 3, 2017 by Tim Seiter. Short Answer: The most important food sources for the Karankawaswere scallops, oysters, buffalo, deer, various plants like cattail and dewberries, and fish like red and black drum, trout, and sheepshead. Long Answer: What the Karankawa ate varied depending on the season.Apr 7, 2020 · The Karankawa Indians ate a diet that primarily consisted of berries, plant roots and other edible plants, as well as wild deer, turtles, rabbits, turkeys, oysters, clams, drum and redfish. They lived along the coastline of the Gulf of Mexico, in southeast Texas, adjacent to the Coahuiltecans to the south and west, and the Tonkawa to the north. If you’re new to HelloFresh, it all starts with choosing a meal plan. There’s a variety of HelloFresh meal plans to choose from, and each one offers a different selection of recipes and ingredients.What did Coahuiltecans hunt? Not a single, unified group, the Coahuiltecan included many groups who lived near each other. The men hunted animals like deer and rabbits with bows and arrows. They used simple traps to catch small animals. They also hunted lizards, snakes, and insects for food. Who was the most feared Native American chief?SHOW ALL QUESTIONS The Coahuiltecan were various small, autonomous bands of Native Americans who inhabited the Rio Grande valley in what is now northeastern Mexico and southern Texas. The various Coahuiltecan groups were hunter gatherers.South Texas became a semi-arid, resource-starved region by the mid- 1800s. The Coahuiltecans were nomadic hunter-gatherers who lived throughout South Texas. They were most likely in contact with advanced Mexican civilizations such as the Aztecs. After the global warming crisis, these people would go without food and eat almost anything ...Only Coahuiltecans were missionized at San Juan, but they undoubtedly interacted with other groups, including Apache, Caddo, Comanche, Karankawa, Tlascalan, Tonkawa, Wichita, and non-Indians. San Juan’s archaeologically recovered skeletal population (ca. 1731-1862) represented Native Americans and racially mixed individuals, but ...Wichita is known as the "Air Capital of the World." Wichita is the birthplace of Pizza Hut and White Castle fast-food chains. A.A. Hyde discovered Mentholatum in 1894 in the current The Spice Merchant & Company building.; In 2008, the NAACP recognized Wichita as the site of the first sit-in by African Americans at an all-white lunch counter in July 1958.What was the main food source for the Coahuiltecans? Both peoples lived off deer, small game, rodents, and even insects, but their main food sources were probably plants such as prickly pear cactus, mesquite beans, and pecan. Bands from both the Coahuiltecans and Karankawa would sometimes come out to Padre Island to live off the game, fish, and ...Food insecurity itself can also be an inequality within a community, or simply signal the other inequalities within that community. Human development is not possible without good nutrition — particularly for women and young children. Stark evidence now demonstrates the enormous scale of nutritional issues in low-income countries, as well as ...Native American Peoples of South Texas is a comprehensive and richly illustrated guide to the history, culture, and archaeology of the indigenous groups that inhabited the region for thousands of years. Learn about their traditions, languages, artifacts, and interactions with European colonizers and other tribes. This pdf is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the diverse and ...Iron deficiency is a common nutritional problem, but it’s easy to get the iron you need by making a few adjustments to your daily diet. Here’s a look at the top 10 foods high in iron.The Coahuiltecans were great hunters. They were very successful at making bows and arrows. They were very aggressive people and killed many Spaniards that had settled near their land. They often raided the Spaniards and killed large numbers of them. This helped them live longer and be more successful. The Coahuiltecans were nomadic so they ... Prickly pear cactus grew in huge thickets in the south Texas brushlands. The pads, nopales, and fruit, tuna, were an important summer food for the Coahuiltecan. Coahuiltecan peoples hunted deer, bison, peccary, armadillos, rabbits, rats, mice, snakes, lizards, frogs, salamanders, and snails for meat. [1] See moreThe missions had a huge impact on the Coahuiltecans. The second change was also in their social environment. The Apache and Comanche came down from the north. The Lipan Apache were forced south into Coahuiltecan lands and competed for food, water, campgrounds and other resources with the Coahuiltecans.Apr 11, 2020 · What was the Coahuiltecans food source? The peoples who most recently inhabited the coast of South Texas were the Coahuiltecans and the Karankawas. Both peoples lived off deer, small game, rodents, and even insects, but their main food sources were probably plants such as prickly pear cactus, mesquite beans, and pecan. Best Answer. Copy. The coahuiltecan tribes used wikiups as shelter. Wiki User. ∙ 13y ago. This answer is: More answers. Wiki User. ∙ 11y ago.Acun Kumru & Sandwich in Ankara, reviews by real people. Yelp is a fun and easy way to find, recommend and talk about what's great and not so great in Ankara and beyond.Ch Wild Food Resources in South Texas ... The Coahuiltecans occupied southern Texas below the Edwards Plateau to the Gulf coast as well as parts of the Mexican states of Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas east of the Sierra Madre Oriental The area consists of …What kind of food did the Coahuiltecan Indians eat? The Coahuiltecan Indians were a group of many different tribes who lived in southern Texas and northeastern Mexico. They lived on both sides of the Rio Grande River and depended on it for water. They would also use much of the local plant life for food.The Indigenous Cultures Institute is a nonprofit organization dedicated to actively preserve the culture of this population, collectively known as Coahuiltecans. The Institute presents educational programs on the identity and ancestral legacy of these Native Americans who may have millions of descendants living in Texas and the U.S. Many of ...Apr 11, 2020 · What was the Coahuiltecans food source? The peoples who most recently inhabited the coast of South Texas were the Coahuiltecans and the Karankawas. Both peoples lived off deer, small game, rodents, and even insects, but their main food sources were probably plants such as prickly pear cactus, mesquite beans, and pecan. People with kidney disease are advised to avoid foods that are high in sodium, potassium and phosphorus, according to MedlinePlus. Any foods that list sodium in the beginning of the ingredient list should be avoided.Jul 27, 2020 · The Coahuiltecans usually built circular huts of a wooden framework, such as willow, and covered it with animal skins or matting. What is the lifestyle of the Coahuiltecans? The Coahuiltecans lived as nomads. When the limited food supply ran out in one place, they moved their camp to another area. The Coahuiltecan were various small, autonomous bands of Native Americans who inhabited the Rio Grande valley in what is now southern Texas and northeastern Mexico.The various Coahuiltecan groups were hunter-gatherers. First encountered by Europeans in the sixteenth century, their population declined due to imported European diseases, slavery, and …Coahuiltecan: [noun] a presumed language family of possible Hokan relationship of northeastern Mexico and southern Texas including Coahuiltec, Comecrudo, Cotoname, …Collectively they are referred to as Coahuiltecans (kwa-weel-tay-kans). Their strictly regulated mission life represented a profound change for people who had followed the rhythms of nature. Ranging throughout south Texas and northeastern Mexico, their movements were dictated by the seasonal availability of food.They lived in permanent villages - Tree branches for lodges and temples Made up of confederacies, included 24 different groups - Caddos were farmers, hunters and fished for food - The first Texans to adopt a lifestyle based on agriculture Vast Caddo trade network Caddo Religion – One God or Great Spirit – Caddi-Ayo - Caddo resided in Texas for …People that provided food were called " Shaman". Coahuiltecans lived in dome -shaped huts made by cutting and bending young trees and covering them with reed mats and animals hides.now if you google image search coahuiltecans ... Create your own videos! Download TikTok. DanceArtsFood and DrinkTourismProduction and ManufacturingVehicles and ...Southern Tribe Many cultures often gather around food to socialize and meet with their friends and families. This was true for cultures of the past as well. One ancient group of people were known...Mar 16, 2007 · The Coahuiltecans. As is the case with the other tribes of the Texas Gulf Coast very little is known about the Coahuiltecans. They belonged to the Western Gulf culture area, which also included the Karankawa. Ethnologically the term Coahuiltecan is unusual. Most North American Indians are identified with a linguistic family. What food did Coahuiltecans eat? The Coahuiltecans of south Texas and northern Mexico ate agave cactus bulbs, prickly pear cactus, mesquite beans and anything else edible in hard times, including maggots. Jumanos along the Rio Grande in west Texas grew beans, corn, squash and gathered mesquite beans, screw beans and prickly pear. ...artifacts. tools, weapons, and other objects made by people. Paleo-Indians. were the first Americans. eras. historians divide the past into shorter periods. (Karankawa or Coahuiltecans or both) lived in south Texas, northern Mexico. Coahuiltecan. (Karankawa or Coahuiltecans or both) lived near present-day Galveston south to Corpus Christi. The Coahuiltecans . The Coahuiltecans Indians settled in areas in Mexico and southern Texas. The Coahuiltecan area was one of the poorest in North America, and the Indian groups that lived there did not survive long. They were mostly hunters and gatherers of food, but they also grew some crops. Coahuiltecans in South Texas were the impetus for the San Antonio missions. The European diseases to which they were not immune diminished their number. ... It includes Indian food, archery competition and tours of historic Native American locations. More than 5,000 meet every year at the Texas Red Nations Powwow in Dallas. The event is held in ...May 29, 2022 · The Comanches had good hunting skills to help them get food. One of the main animals they hunted was the buffalo, the apache did the same. What food did the Coahuiltecans eat? The Coahuiltecans of south Texas and northern Mexico ate agave cactus bulbs, prickly pear cactus, mesquite beans and anything else edible in hard times, including maggots ... Coahuiltecan: a closer look. ... food': Coahuiltecohim 'to eat'. In this case, in Swanton's(1940) phrases and ...The spread of disease among the natives. _____ was the first Spanish mission established in Texas. San Francisco de los Tejas. _____ was the main leader if the Cherokees who arrived in Texas during the early 1800s. Duwali. Phillip Nolan upset the Spanish authorities when he and 30 men entered Texas and _____. Set up an illegal trading operation ... The Coahuiltecan (koh-ah-weel-TAY-kahn) lived on the dry South Texas Plains, a land that is covered by scrub plants and has little water. Not a single, unified group, the Coahuiltecan included many groups who lived near each other. The men hunted animals like deer and rabbits with bows and arrows. They used simple traps to catch small animals.While mesquite flour was a primary food for the early Coahuiltecans of northern Mexico, San Antonio’s plentiful pecans became a calorie-rich staple for their descendants, who harvest pecans regularly in late fall.womens role was to help as nurses womens role was to help as nurses womens role was to help as nurses Improved Answer ;] In WWI womens role: Thousands of women replaced men in factories, offices ...Both peoples lived off deer, small game, rodents, and even insects, but their main food sources were probably plants such as prickly pear cactus, mesquite beans, …Passover is a special time of year for Jewish people, and it’s important to have the right recipes to make the holiday even more special. Here are some of the best recipes to make for Passover that will be sure to please everyone at your Se...10 min read. The Coahuiltecans were various small autonomous groups of Native Americans who inhabited the Rio Grande valley in what is now southern Texas and northeastern Mexico. Various Coahuiltec groups were hunter-gatherers. First encountered by Europeans in the sixteenth century, their population declined due to disease of European imports ...[2] The Coahuiltecan lived in the flat, brushy, dry country of northern Mexico and southern Texas, roughly south of a line from the Gulf Coast at the mouth of the Guadalupe River to San Antonio and westward to around Del Rio. They lived on both sides of the Rio Grande.Red river area. What types of clothing did the Comanche tribe have. Male headress buffalo hides and skins. What types of clothing did the lipan apaches have. Buffalo hides , used bones for weapons and tools. What types of clothing did the wichita tribe have. Buffalo hides and bones for weapons and tools.Updated: September 26, 2019 Coahuiltecan Indians. The lowlands of northeastern Mexico and adjacent southern Texas were originally occupied by hundreds of small, autonomous, distinctively named Indian groups that lived by hunting and gathering.Sometime after the coastline assumed its present contours, around three thousand years ago, small Indian groups, designated later by ethnologists as Coahuiltecans, hunted or gathered such food as ...My Answermainly coahuiltecans ate buffalo, small rodents,deer,rabbits, ECT. thank you and have a great day ... & Health Books and Literature Business Electronics Engineering & Technology Food ...The State of Nuevo León is located in the northeast of México and touches the United States of America to the north along 14 kilometers of the Texas border. Nuevo Leon is surrounded by the states of Coahuila, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, and Zacatecas. Nuevo Leon is made up of 64,156 square kilometers, which is equal to 3.3% of the national ...The Coahuiltecans had good bows and arrows and hunted small game. Occasionally bison strayed into their region from the Great Plains to the north. They also subsisted, during times of need, on worms, lizards, ants, and undigested seeds collected from deer dung. They ate much of their food raw, but used an open fire or a fire pit for cooking.The Coahuiltecans were nomadic so they moved around quite a bit. They mainly lived in the Southern Desert of Texas. Food. Since they lived in the desert, they ate anything they could find. This included small amounts of deer, buffalo, and any other meats they could find. Some of them were on the very coast so they got shellfish, clams, crabs ...The Coahuiltecans lived as nomads. When the limited food supply ran out in one place, they moved their camp to another area. Their temporary dwellings were made of mud, animal skins, and brush. Living such a harsh lifestyle built the Coahuiltecans’ toughness and endurance. Where do the Coahuiltecan live?The Indigenous Cultures Institute is a nonprofit organization dedicated to actively preserve the culture of this population, collectively known as Coahuiltecans. The Institute presents educational programs on the identity and ancestral legacy of these Native Americans who may have millions of descendants living in Texas and the U.S. Many of ...What did the Coahuiltecans do for a living? These groups were hunter-gatherers and depended on the land for their food as well as shelter. Most of the records of the Coahuiltecans come from the writings of the Spanish, who …How did the Coahuiltecans get their food? They used simple traps to catch small animals. They also hunted lizards, snakes, and insects for food. While hunting animals was a way of getting some food, they probably got most of their food from the women and children gathering plants, roots, and fruits.The Coahuiltecans, despite the single overarching name, represented many different ethnic groups, tribes, and nations native of the South Texas and Northeast Mexico region. Historic accounts describe these people as highly mobile family units of hunters and gatherers that resided near rivers and streams. Next. 1. Dwellings that were built by the Coahuiltecan people to provide shelter that were made from a frame covered with brush or reeds were called _____. 2. The Coahuiltecan people sometimes ...By Justo Posted on March 21, 2023 The Coahuiltecan people, one of the indigenous communities in Texas, has a rich cultural heritage that dates back centuries. By exploring their customs, traditions, beliefs, and art, you can gain a deeper understanding and appreciation of the people who once lived and thrived in this region.Aug 19, 2023 · The Toltec and many other ancient civilizations ate the peole in their community that they did not like. This did cause many problems within the tribe but people managed. To cook the people first you cut off their head and boil it. Then you take off the limbs and boil those. With the rest of the body you slice it into stripes and ley it over the othe boiled parts. Then you eat. Southern Tribe Many cultures often gather around food to socialize and meet with their friends and families. This was true for cultures of the past as well. One ancient group of people were known...While mesquite flour was a primary food for the early Coahuiltecans of northern Mexico, San Antonio’s plentiful pecans became a calorie-rich staple for their descendants, who harvest pecans regularly in late fall.The Coahuiltecan Indians were a network of loosely affiliated Indian bands of Texas and Mexico. Their languages are poorly attested, but there appear to have been several different Coahuiltecan languages spoken by bands in different regions, including Comecrudo, Cotoname, and the language originally recorded as "Coahuiltecan" or "Coahuilteco." A reported 190 mixed Karankawas and Coahuiltecans occupied Refugio Mission in 1814, but by the early 1820s repeated Comanche attacks had caused the virtual depopulation of that mission. The two struggling Karankawa missions continued to operate until they were secularized in 1830 and 1831.Dec 31, 2019 · Indeed, these natives raised and kept a breed of dog that had the characteristics of coyotes and foxes. A nomadic people who traveled by foot and dugout canoe, the Karankawas moved between the mainland and the barrier islands, and ate a wide assortment of food, including fish, shellfish, turtle, alligator, bear, deer, turkey, duck and rabbit. artifacts. tools, weapons, and other objects made by people. Paleo-Indians. were the first Americans. eras. historians divide the past into shorter periods. (Karankawa or Coahuiltecans or both) lived in south Texas, northern Mexico. Coahuiltecan. (Karankawa or Coahuiltecans or both) lived near present-day Galveston south to Corpus Christi. Prickly pear cactus grew in huge thickets in the south Texas brushlands. The pads, nopales, and fruit, tuna, were an important summer food for the Coahuiltecan. Coahuiltecan peoples hunted deer, bison, peccary, armadillos, rabbits, rats, mice, snakes, lizards, frogs, salamanders, and snails for meat. [1] See moreStart Preamble AGENCY: Bureau of Indian Affairs, Interior. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This notice publishes the current list of 574 Tribal entities recognized by and eligible for funding and services from the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) by virtue of their status as Indian Tribes.Who Were the "Coahuiltecans"? When the South Texas Plains first entered into written history in the 16th century, hundreds of small, highly mobile groups of hunting and gathering peoples ranged across southern Texas and northeastern Mexico. Poor nutritional choices are readily available to us at all times. Find out which 10 foods are the absolutely worst to eat. Advertisement There's no denying to the many bacon lovers that bacon is delicious. But it's not very good for you --...Updated: 10/14/2023 The Coahuiltecan Culture During a time before the arrival of Spanish explorers, the plains of the American Southwest and northern Mexico were alive with groups of Indigenous...How did the Coahuiltecans get their food? They used simple traps to catch small animals. They also hunted lizards, snakes, and insects for food. While hunting animals was a way of getting some food, they probably got most of their food from the women and children gathering plants, roots, and fruits.2.4K views. Coahuiltecan Weapons. The Coahuiltecan peoples were basically hunter-gatherers, so weapons for hunting were important to them. Hunting was a primary source …
The missions had a huge impact on the Coahuiltecans. The second change was also in their social environment. The Apache and Comanche came down from the north. The Lipan Apache were forced south into …. Chip hilleary
Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like There are 14 major rivers in Texas, the three border rivers are..., How does the geography and climate going west across Texas (Beaumont to El Paso), Which Texas tribe attacked Victoria in 1840 and pushed the settlement line back 100 miles during the Civil War? and more.now if you google image search coahuiltecans ... Create your own videos! Download TikTok. DanceArtsFood and DrinkTourismProduction and ManufacturingVehicles and ...The Coahuiltecans lived as nomads. When the limited food supply ran out in one place, they moved their camp to another area. Their temporary dwellings were made of mud, animal skins, and brush. Living such a harsh lifestyle built the Coahuiltecans’ toughness and endurance. Where do the Coahuiltecan live?1 tsp salt or to taste. Method. For the Chile: 1. In a large saucepan, cover the chiles with water and bring to a boil. Turn off the heat and let the chiles steep for 15 minutes or until they are tender. 2. Drain …The mural draws inspiration from mesquite, a vital resource for the Coahuiltecans. Mesquite was utilized for food, fuel, medicine and making various implements.How to say Coahuiltecan in English? Pronunciation of Coahuiltecan with 8 audio pronunciations, 1 meaning and more for Coahuiltecan.September 13, 2021. in Foodie's Corner. 0. The Karankawa are a Native American tribe of Texas. They were known for their cuisine and hunting skills, but they also had a reputation as fierce warriors. The karankawa tribe facts are a group of Native Americans who live in Texas. They are known for their unique culture and language.Instructor Anne Butler View bio. Learn about the Coahuiltecan tribe of South Texas and Northern Mexico. In addition, see Coahuiltecan facts and read about their …Updated: September 26, 2019 Coahuiltecan Indians. The lowlands of northeastern Mexico and adjacent southern Texas were originally occupied by hundreds of small, autonomous, distinctively named Indian groups that lived by hunting and gathering.The Coahuiltecans were various small autonomous groups of Native Americans who inhabited the Rio Grande valley in what is now southern Texas and northeastern Mexico. Various Coahuiltec groups were hunter-gatherers. First encountered by Europeans in the sixteenth century, their population declined due to disease of European imports, slavery, and ...Plants also provided a major source of food for Coahuiltecan. A vital food source for bands living in Texas and Mexico was the prickly pear cactus. They often feasted on the fruit and the...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like in La Relaction, de Vaca describes his first encounter with natives when he and his fellow Spaniards were washed ashore. What group of Indians did he encounter, and how dod these Indians respond to the Spaniards?, De Vaca ended up in Spanish Texas because of human stupidity and greed.They lived in permanent villages - Tree branches for lodges and temples Made up of confederacies, included 24 different groups - Caddos were farmers, hunters and fished for food - The first Texans to adopt a lifestyle based on agriculture Vast Caddo trade network Caddo Religion – One God or Great Spirit – Caddi-Ayo - Caddo resided in Texas for …By Justo Posted on March 21, 2023 The Coahuiltecan people, one of the indigenous communities in Texas, has a rich cultural heritage that dates back centuries. By exploring their customs, traditions, beliefs, and art, you can gain a deeper understanding and appreciation of the people who once lived and thrived in this region.How to say Coahuiltecan in English? Pronunciation of Coahuiltecan with 8 audio pronunciations, 1 meaning and more for Coahuiltecan.Although they were distinct groups, they were also unified by some cultural aspects, such as religion and their choices in food. Clans in this ethnic group include: …Chicken is a versatile and delicious ingredient that can be used in a variety of recipes. Whether you’re looking for a quick weeknight dinner or a special occasion meal, baked chicken is a great option. Here are some of the best baked chick...No one should have to go hungry, and thankfully, there are food banks in almost every city that can help provide meals for those in need. Food banks are organizations that collect and distribute food to those who cannot afford it.The the Tonkawa had a good supply of food from hunting and gathering. Here is a list of the food sources from the paragraph above; deer, buffalo, fish. crawfish. mussels, pecans. blackberries, roots. ... They were friends and allies with the Caddo, Karankawa, Jumanos and Coahuiltecans.They are: San Antonio de Valero (the Alamo), San Jose y San Miguel de Aguayo (San Jose), La Purisima Concepcion, San Juan Capistrano, and San Francisco de la Espada. In 1718, the mission of San Francisco Solano which had been located on the Rio Grande River below Eagle Pass was removed to San Antonio and became San Antonio de Valero, the Alamo ....
Popular Topics
- Amy clarkBest monkey knowledge btd6
- Ww2 backgroundKansas baylor game
- Battle cats secret crush catSafe ride hours
- Ku women's game todayKu indiana basketball
- Verizon offices locationsGlen cunningham
- Vocab level e unit 11Lu parking pass
- Public policies and government regulations are shaped byWatchdog function definition